Java web Request对象

Request对象

1. request对象和response对象的原理

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  1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
  2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息

2. request对象继承体系结构:

ServletRequest – 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest – 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)

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3. request功能:获取请求消息数据

  1. 获取请求行数据
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GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan	HTTP/1.1
  • 方法:
  1. 获取请求方式 :GET

    • String getMethod()
  2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14

    • String getContextPath()
  3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1

    * String getServletPath()
    
  4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan&age=18
  • String getQueryString()
    • 获取的请求参数之间用&分割
  1. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1

  2. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1

  • String getProtocol()
  • 不在HttpServletRequest中,在父类ServletRequest中
  1. 获取客户机的IP地址:
  • String getRemoteAddr()
  1. 获取请求头数据

String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
Enumeration getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

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protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据
//1.获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
//2.遍历
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//根据名称获取请求头的值
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
}

}

也可以直接获取指定的请求头。

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protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断agent的浏览器版本
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
//谷歌
System.out.println("谷歌...");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
//火狐
System.out.println("火狐...");
}

}

使用referer请求头防盗链。

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protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer

String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer); //http://localhost/day14/login.html

//防盗链
if(referer != null ){
if(referer.contains("/day14")){
//正常访问
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
}else{
//盗链
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗?来优酷吧...");
}
}

}
  1. 获取请求体数据:

请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数

步骤:

  1. 获取流对象
    *  BufferedReader getReader():**获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据**(BufferedReader 高效,带有缓冲区,有readline())
    
    • ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
  2. 再从流对象中拿数据
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protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体--请求参数
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line = null;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}

}

4. request其他功能

  1. 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数

    • String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123

    • String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game

    • Enumeration getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名

    • Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

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      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      //post 获取请求参数
      //根据参数名称获取参数值
      System.out.println("-------------------"+"getParameter");
      String username = request.getParameter("username");
      System.out.println(username);

      //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
      System.out.println("-------------------"+"getParameterValues");
      String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
      for (String hobby:hobbies){
      System.out.println(hobby);
      }

      //获取所有请求的参数名称
      System.out.println("-------------------"+"getParameterNames");
      Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
      while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
      String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
      String value = request.getParameter(name);
      System.out.println(name+":"+value);
      }

      // 获取所有参数的map集合
      System.out.println("-------------------"+"getParameterMap");
      Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
      //遍历
      Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
      for (String name : keyset) {

      //获取键获取值
      String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
      System.out.println(name);
      for (String value : values) {
      System.out.println(value);
      }
      System.out.println("-----------------");
      }
      }
5. 中文乱码问题:

get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了

post方式:会乱码

* 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码

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request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
  1. 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
    步骤:

    1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:

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      RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:

    
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forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
3. 特点:
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request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
- **浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化** - 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中,不能访问外部资源 - 转发是一次请求
  1. 共享数据:

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    域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据

    • request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
    • 方法:
      1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
      2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
      3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
  1. 获取ServletContext:
    * ServletContext getServletContext()
    
    • 1571854342133

5. 用户登录案例

5.1 用户登录案例需求:

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1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误

5.2 分析

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5.3 开发步骤

  1. 创建项目,导入html页面,配置文件,jar包

druid数据库连接池druid.properties

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driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql:///day14
username=root
password=root
initialSize=5
maxActive=10
maxWait=3000

配置jar包

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  1. 创建数据库环境
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CREATE DATABASE day14;
USE day14;
CREATE TABLE USER(

id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
);
  1. 创建包cn.app.domain,创建类User
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public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;

public int getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
  1. 创建包cn.app.dao,创建类UserDao,提供login方法
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import cn.app.domain.User;
import cn.app.util.JDBCUtils;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

/**
* 操作数据库中User表的类
*/
public class UserDao {

//声明JDBCTemplate对象共用,用于其他对象连接数据库
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());

/**
* 登录方法
* @param loginUser 只有用户名和密码
* @return user包含用户全部数据,没有查询到,返回null
*/
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
//1.编写sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//2.调用query方法
User user = template.queryForObject(sql,
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),
loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();//记录日志
return null; // 没有查询到user对象,返回null
}
}
}
  1. 创建包cn.app.util,编写工具类JDBCUtils
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import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.xml.crypto.Data;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具类 使用Durid连接池
*/
public class JDBCUtils {

private static DataSource ds ;

static {

try {
//1.加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
//使用ClassLoader加载配置文件,获取字节输入流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);

//2.初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);

} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

/**
* 获取连接池对象
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}


/**
* 获取连接Connection对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
}
  1. 创建包cn.app.test,创建类UserDaoTest,测试login方法是否正确
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public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void testLogin(){
User loginuser = new User();
loginuser.setUsername("super");
loginuser.setPassword("123");

UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginuser);

System.out.println(user);
}
}
  1. 编写cn.itcast.web.servlet.LoginServlet类,完成登录逻辑
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import cn.itcast.dao.UserDao;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
//3.封装user对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);

//4.调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);

//5.判断user
if(user == null){
//登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(req,resp);
}else{
//登录成功
//存储数据
req.setAttribute("user",user);
//转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(req,resp);
}

}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}
  1. 编写FailServlet和SuccessServlet类
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import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//给页面写一句话

//设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录失败,用户名或密码错误");

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
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import cn.itcast.domain.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取request域中共享的user对象
User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user");

if(user != null){
//给页面写一句话

//设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录成功!"+user.getUsername()+",欢迎您");
}
}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
  1. login.html中form表单的action路径的写法

虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day14/loginServlet" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
  1. BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装
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//2.获取所有请求参数
Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
//3.创建User对象
User loginUser = new User();
//3.2使用BeanUtils封装
try {
BeanUtils.populate(loginUser,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

6. BeanUtils工具类(用于封装JavaBean)

6.1 JavaBean

JavaBean:标准的Java类

要求:

  1. 类必须被public修饰
  2. 必须提供空参的构造器
  3. 成员变量必须使用private修饰
  4. 提供公共setter和getter方法

功能:封装数据

6.2 成员变量和属性

成员变量:private int name;
属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物

  • 例如:getUsername() –> Username–> username

6.3 方法

  1. setProperty() // 操作的是属性 set和get方法

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    public class BeanUtilsTest {

    @Test
    public void test(){

    User user = new User();
    try {
    BeanUtils.setProperty(user,"haha","male");
    System.out.println(user);

    String gender = BeanUtils.getProperty(user, "haha");
    System.out.println(gender);
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    }
  2. getProperty()

  3. populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中

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